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Electron
beam welds nanotubes. Carbon Nanotubes measured and soldered with scanning
electron microscope (SEM).
Bottom: two crossing multi-walled nanotubes. Top: "Soldering"
the junction by irradiation in a scanning electron microscope. Hydrocarbon
contamination on the tubes migrates into the irradiated area and transforms
to immobile amorphous or graphitic carbon. SEM Data courtesy Prof.
Dr. Florian Banhart, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University
of Mainz, Germany.
Crossing multiwalled carbon nanotubes are connected by irradiating the
junction in a scanning electron microscope. The aggregation of hydrocarbons
and successive transformation into amorphous carbon under the electron
beam is used to solder nanotubes and to make a mechanical junction. Transmission
electron microscopy is carried out to study the graphitization of the
junction under further irradiation or annealing.
Publication:
F. Banhart, "The formation of a connection between carbon nanotubes
in an electron beam" . Nano Letters 1, 3289 (2001)
More
articles by Florian Banhart
Further
publications related to nanotubes:
F. Banhart, "Formation and transformation of carbon nanoparticles
under electron irradiation", Philosophical Transactions A 362, 2205-2222
(2004).
J.X. Li and F. Banhart, "The engineering of hot carbon nanotubes
with an electron beam", Nano Letters 4, 1143-1146 (2004).
A. Krüger, M. Ozawa and F. Banhart, "Carbon nanotubes as elements
to focus electron beams by Fresnel diffraction", Applied Physics
Letters 83, 5056-5058 (2003).
A. Krasheninnikov, K. Nordlund, J. Keinonen and F. Banhart, "Ion
irradiation-induced welding of carbon nanotubes", Physical Review
B 66 245403 (2002).
M. Yoon, S. Han, G. Kim, S. Lee, S. Berber, E. Osawa, J. Ihm, M. Terrones,
F. Banhart, J.–C. Charlier, N. Grobert, H. Terrones, P. M. Ajayan
and D. Tománek, "Zipper mechanism of nanotube fusion: theory
and experiment", Physical Review Letters 92, 075504 (2004)
F. Banhart, J.X. Li and A.V. Krasheninnikov, "Carbon nanotubes under electron irradiation: stability of tubes and action as pipes for atom transport ", Physical Review B 71, 241408 (2005).
F. Banhart, J.X. Li and M. Terrones, "Cutting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with an Electron Beam: Evidence for Atom Migration Inside Nanotubes", Small 1, 953 (2005).
A. V. Krasheninnikov, F. Banhart, J. X. Li, A.S. Foster and R. M. Nieminen, "Stability of carbon nanotubes under electron irradiation: the role of tube diameter and chirality", Physical Review B 72, 125428 (2005).